A federal appeals court was urged Thursday to allow the public to read a 1,000-page report from the compliance monitor who is overseeing a deferred-prosecution agreement between HSBC Bank USA and the U.S. Justice Department.

The case in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit tests the secrecy of compliance-monitor reports. Federal prosecutors, in a rare alignment, are on the same side as HSBC in the transparency dispute: Both want the appeals court to overturn a New York trial judge’s ruling that would allow the public to see the report.